Sustainable Energy

Explores using CO₂ instead of water in geothermal systems to enhance heat extraction and support net-zero energy communities. Focusing on CO₂ plume geothermal (CPG) systems, it highlights their potential for efficient, long-term energy use, while noting site selection and subsurface conditions as key implementation challenges.

The article focuses on how the tapping of residual heat at the Earth's core could yield a renewable source for energy production than what is currently produced by all the hydrocarbon resources around the world. Cited are geothermal energy for power production that currently exists in parts of the world, drilling challenges that cause oil and gas companies to show little interest in geothermal technologies, and the plan of Fervo Energy to use fibreoptic cables to monitor geothermal wells.

Highlights the importance of heat exchangers in geothermal power and the challenges they face from erosion, corrosion, and scaling. It emphasizes surface engineering—especially protective coatings—as a cost-effective solution to improve efficiency and durability, while also addressing current limitations and future directions for geothermal heat exchanger technology.